Battle for Enningrad - Stalingrad on August 21, 1942 - February 2, 1943

Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad Part of the eastern front in the war Second World Date: August 21, 1942 to Feb. 2, 1943 Location: Stalingrad, Soviet Union Result: a decisive Soviet victory Battle of Stalingrad is a battle between Germany and its allies, the Soviet Union Soviet of the Soviet city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) As part of the Second World War, which took place in the period between August 21, 1942 - February 2, 1943 The turning point in World War II in Europe, has been the bloodiest battle in human history The total losses over $ 1.5 million In a battle marked Brutality and disregard of military and civilian casualties on both sides. The battle of Stalingrad German siege, the battle inside the city, the Soviet counter-offensive which he In the end, destroyed the German army VI and the Axis forces and other parts of the city. ** Elements of the battle: 1) the importance of Stalingrad 2) the Blue / Blue 3) the start of the battle 4) the Soviet counter-attack 5) The process of Uranus 6) pocket 7) the operation of Saturn 8) the Soviet victory 9) legacy Background: June 22, 1941 Germany and the Axis powers invaded the Soviet Union, and progress quickly in the depth of the territory of the Soviet Union Former. , Having suffered multiple defeats during the summer and autumn in 1941, by Soviet troops in a counter attack Battle of Moscow in December Upon depletion of German troops unprepared to fight a war of winter And the energy supply lines and stopped in their quest for capital. Germans settled on the forehead by spring 1942. The rejection of plans to launch another attack against Moscow As the heart of a group army has been weakened violently. Part of the philosophy German military was beaten in places less expectation at all So as to achieve rapid gains. Attack on Moscombacrh it was predicted by some particularly Hitler Besides, the German high command knows that the time seemed imminent, Since the United States had entered the war after the attack Japanese on Pearl Harbor. Hitler wanted to end the fighting on the Eastern Front, or at least reducing Before the United States has deepened in the war in Europe 1) the importance of Stalingrad: The occupation of Stalingrad was important to Hitler for several reasons; has been a major industrial city on the banks of the Volga River (A vital transport line between the Caspian Sea and northern Russia) and control of the left wing believes in German armies as they advanced in the Caucasus, with large quantities of oil taking into account the situation Shortages that were experienced German army Finally, the fact that the occupation of the city that bears the name of Joseph Stalin - an enemy of Hitler - it would make the idea The occupation of the city the idea of a propaganda coup and a wonderful victory for the Germans. I realize this is a good Stalin, which advocates for Amrbarsal any person strong enough To carry a gun (a rifle) to war. [2] It is also believed that it was also Stalin's also the same thought in the defence of the city Which bears his name, but the fact remains confirmed that Stalin was a reality of enormous Tandguet Constraints of time and resources. And some believe that the siege of Enningrad has lasted too long because of the transfer of troops from Enningrad to Stalingrad Also during the Russian civil war has played a prominent role in defending the Soviet Tasaretsin (Tsaretstn = Stalingrad as it was called then) Against white troops. Also, the Red Army at this stage of the war was less able to traffic operations on the operations of large German army. Therefore, the docking within large urban areas in the region, which will be controlled by an arms fire short-range The small and artillery instead of armored vehicles and military machines, would reduce evening job compared to the Red Army German army. 2) the Blue / Blue: Home Rule: Operation Blue Army Division has been selected to carry out the southern enemy fast forward through the southern Russian plains Towards the Caucasus in order to seize oil fields Soviet vital. Those oil fields were the main objective of Hitler and instead to focus his attention on the capital Moscow It also advised its generals continued to send troops and supplies to the southern Russian front. Summer offensive launched by the code name "blue case" = "Fall Blau" (The forces included armies VI, VII and Albanzer first two Germans and two Germans also IV) At the Task Force in 1941 the army to occupy southern Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic And stationed in the region of the planned attack. But Hitler's army intervention is a task that is divided into two groups: Team SLA (a), under the leadership of (Paul Ewald) and (Ludwig von Kleist), was to continue progress towards the south Caucasus as planned with the Seventh Army and Army Banzer first. SLA (b), in addition to Army (Friedrich Paulus) and VI Army (Herman Hot) Banzer IV, It was moving eastward towards the Volga and the city of Stalingrad was the army team b command of General (von Yishs). Was planned to start a process Blue late May 1942 However, a number of Romanian and German units involved in the process was timely in the process of siege Sevastopol, the Crimean peninsula, so the delay in ending the siege led to the postponement of the start of the Blue Several times, and the city has not seen only at the end of June. In the meantime been taken disposal of a small skirmish in the battle Soviet forces Jacov second Which led to the seizure of a large number of Soviet troops in the May 22. Finally, the roll (Blue) where the group started their offensive on the southern South Federation on June 28, 1942 The German attack started well, as other Soviet troops did not provide very little Resistance in the vast empty plains, then began to flee eastward in the chaotic situation. And have failed many other attempts to form defensive lines, so when the German units Defensive lines surrounding Republics. Two jeeps that were destroyed, the first north-east of Kharkov in the second day of July, And the second on Mellirovo in the Rostov region a week later. In the meantime launch of the Second Hungarian Army and Army Banzer fourth attack on German Voronezh, seized by the city on the fifth of July. * The Blue: The Germans from May 7, 1942 to November 18 1942 To July 7, 1942 to July 22, 1942 to August 1, 1942 to November 18 1942 Initial progress of the Army VI was very successful to the extent that Hitler ordered the Army and enter the fourth Banzer To join the team SLA (a) to the south. Resulted in a huge crowded when requesting both the Fourth Army and sixth few roads available in the region And both armies completely stopped while trying to remove the chaos caused by thousands of vehicles The long delay has led to disrupt progress toward at least a week. Now with the fact that progress has been slow on Hitler has been modified and re-arranging the banner of the army's fourth attack on Stalingrad. By the end of July to pay the Germans Soviets across the River Don. At this point the Germans set up defensive lines using armies of their allies from Italy, Hungary and Romania VI German army was only to a few tens of kilo away from Stalingrad The Fourth Army Banzer now to the south of whom had been transformed into the north to assist in capturing the city. To the south Army Group were paid to a depth of the Caucasus, but their progress has led to Impede their troops destined for the deep South and the failure to provide support to the group b army in the north. Now the Germans intentions clear for the Soviet Leaders: In July evolved Soviet plans For the Defence of Stalingrad, the Soviet crowd before moving eastward to issue orders to the Germans Attack on Stalingrad. The eastern border of Stalingrad was the broad Volga River and over the river have been deployed additional forces from the Soviets. Is this combination of forces the newly formed army deliberate, and sixty under the leadership of Vasily Chojkov, and its mission Stalingrad is defending at any price. 3) the start of the battle: Started the battle with heavy aerial bombardments of the city by German air forces. The city cemetery, has suffered Many died soon start of the battle and the city began collapsing, although it stayed many of the buildings and the list with A new spirit of the Soviet national, joining many factory workers in the fighting and turned to the front lines. Stalin preventing civilians from leaving the city, because he saw in encouraging greater survival because the greatest resistance Defenders of our city, civilians, including women and children put to work to build fortifications The protection and others. Caused massive air strikes in German in an Aug. 23 fire resulted in the deaths of thousands and turning Stalingrad to the scene of rubble and scorched rubble, were destroyed about eighty percent Of the total area inhabited in the city. Having signed the burden of defending the first city to the 1077 Anti-aircraft (aa) regiment, the unit composed mainly of young volunteers who do not have Minimal training ground clash with the goals. Despite this, without any support from other units Soviet artillery unit remained in place And took in addressing the contingent Albanzer developed. The band was informed by the German sixteenth Banzer progress against Gunners shot rounds of 1077 Until all the batteries were destroyed or carried them ammunition. In the beginning, the Soviets relied on the militias of workers consisting of workers that do not participate Directly in the process of military production, but a short period was to continue the production of tanks, which are led by A crew of volunteers, factory workers, and their leadership was directly from the factory to the front lines, And often without painting or even a telescope for the front. By the end of August, the team SLA (b) had finally arrived to the Volga north of Stalingrad By the first of September, can no longer only the Soviets to strengthen their forces and the code by crossing the river Volga under constant threat of German bombing aircraft and artillery. Amid the rubble of the shattered city, the Soviet armies, 62 and 64 which included 13 guards Party hazel Defensive lines linking the strong points in homes and factories, fighting was atrocious and desperate, declined lifetime Lieutenant Soviet alive in the city to less than twenty-four hours and the Soviet Zabott to about three days. Stalin's resolution No. 227 dated July 27, 1942 stipulates that all leaders who ordered the decision without permission Subjected to military trial, and the slogan "Do not step backwards." Germans pay to Stalingrad, suffered heavy losses. * Street fighting in Stalingrad: German military doctrine was based on the principle of joint teams of weapons and close cooperation of the Tanks and infantry, engineers, artillery and ground attack aircraft. To counter this situation, the leaders took the Soviets, and a simple way to keep the troops in front line Close to some extent physically possible, Cojkov has called this tactic "Hugging" Germans. This forced the German infantry either rely on themselves only in the fighting or risk of injury Fire support their own, leading to the neutralization of air support and artillery support weakening. The bitter fighting raged in every street, every factory, every house, even in homes and entrances to the stairs. The fighting without mercy, the situation has changed several times, so that at one time the Soviets launched Counter-attack, which the Soviets lost the entire battalion made up of 10.000 men in one day It is also said, there is the battle that was in the building of the mill, which lasted for about a week and was German soldiers and the Soviets very close to some of them to the point where they were barely hear each other's breath When German soldiers noticed that the resistance fell too, found some forty bodies from Russian soldiers. These violent resistance in the building of mills made one of the factions under the leadership of the Soviet Yakov Pavlov Conversion of a building housing the bulwark - which later named Pavlov's house - which was overseeing the Field in the center of town, the soldiers surrounded the building minefields, and a machine gun fixed on the windows, And breach the walls in the basement of improving communications. With no looming on the horizon with no end, the Germans began to transport heavy artillery into the city Including the giant gun that the 800 mm and named a "dora". Germans did not make any effort to send troops across the Volga, Mahiou so for a number of Soviets Batteries of artillery, there has Soviet artillery bombardment on the east bank sites German. The defenders Soviets using the ruins caused defensive positions, where the German tanks Useless amid piles of rubble up to eight meters, and when can become a movement in the net Anti-tank Mahtben Soviets in the wreckage of buildings. The championships started showing snipers Soviets, who skillfully exploited the ruins in the rhythm of heavy losses in Among Germans, the most successful sniper was "Ivan Mijailovic Drenica" band of 1122 rifle Soviet sniper who was able to about 500 by the end of the war, Also "Vasily Zaitsev Gregor" defined as the killing of about 242 during the battle, and also believes that killed one German snipers "Heinz Thorvald" (Story Dramatic in the movie Enemy at the gate), but most historians believe that this story Fabricated. For each of Hitler and Stalin became a battle of Stalingrad question of prestige, and this has become in the forefront The strategic importance of the actual battle, he led the transfer of Soviet strategic reserve of Red Army From Moscow to the Volga region of Lower quoted from the State Aviation entire region to Stalingrad. Pressure on military commanders were enormous in both armies: Paulus has suffered from an advanced state of Convulsions in the eye, while my Chojkov outbreak of eczema, which required him to link hands and hiding them completely Dressings. While troops on both sides suffered from the constant pressure result Ital short distances, * Attack on a factory in Stalingrad: In November, three months after the massacre and the slow progress of charge, enabling Germans Access to the banks of the river and the seizure of about 90% of Atll city and Soviet forces divided To narrow the remaining pockets, in addition to the prevention of ice referring locomotives and supply boats Sueviaci Defence across the river. But the fighting did not stop especially on the slopes Akourgeman and within the factory in the northern part of the city Has lasted more fiercely than ever. Battles for Red October factory and steel plant Dzirzhinski tractor factory and Barricadelbannadeg Have become months in the world, while the soldiers Allsovyit defend their positions and put the Germans in the area of fire Soviet workers were repairing damaged Soviet tanks and other weapons near the battlefield , And sometimes on the battlefield. Here were all in favour of the battle despite the bravery and sacrifice of Soviet tend strongly toward the Germans